{"id":93,"date":"2020-04-24T22:19:58","date_gmt":"2020-04-24T19:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fotosizden.com\/?p=93"},"modified":"2020-04-24T22:19:58","modified_gmt":"2020-04-24T19:19:58","slug":"temel-fotografcilik-terimleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/2020\/04\/24\/temel-fotografcilik-terimleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Temel Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k terimleri."},"content":{"rendered":"

Temel Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Terimleri Diyafram, Enstantane, ISO \u2026<\/strong>
\n\u015eimdi bu \u00fc\u00e7 temel kavram \u00fczerinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak foto\u011fraf\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7ekildi\u011fini k\u0131saca anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m. \u00c7ekti\u011fimiz foto\u011fraflar, makina da lens<\/strong> \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin, mercekler yard\u0131m\u0131 ile film<\/strong> veya dijital<\/strong> makinelerde CCD\/CMOS<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen sens\u00f6rlerin<\/strong> \u00fczerinde olu\u015fmas\u0131 ile elde edilir.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 temel parametreyi belirleyerek \u00e7ekime ba\u015flar. Bunlar diyafram,<\/strong> enstantane <\/strong><\/em>ve ISO<\/strong><\/em> de\u011ferleridir. Diyafram<\/strong>, filme<\/strong> (veya CCD<\/strong>\u2019ye) d\u00fc\u015fecek \u0131\u015f\u0131k miktar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar geni\u015f veya dar bir aral\u0131ktan objektif yard\u0131m\u0131 ile makinaya girece\u011fini, Enstantane<\/strong> ise, bu belirlenen aral\u0131ktan giren \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ne kadar s\u00fcre ile film<\/strong> (ya da CCD<\/strong>) \u00fczerinde kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ISO <\/strong>ise, filmin<\/strong> veya CCD<\/strong>\u2019nin, bu gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 ne kadar hassasiyet g\u00f6sterece\u011fini belirler.<\/p>\n

\"Enstantane<\/a><\/p>\n

Enstantane ve Diyafram De\u011ferleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Temel Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k  Terimleri; Diyafram, Enstantane, ISO <\/strong>bu \u00fc\u00e7 temel parametre, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltma veya art\u0131rma anlam\u0131na gelir. Diyafram<\/strong>\u2019\u0131 ne kadar \u00e7ok a\u00e7arsak, filmin \u00fczerine o kadar fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fecektir. Buna benzer \u015fekilde, enstantane<\/strong>\u2019yi (\u00f6rt\u00fcc\u00fc perde) ne kadar s\u00fcreyle a\u00e7\u0131k kalmaya ayarlarsak, bu \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n o kadar fazlala\u015faca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. ISO<\/strong> ayar\u0131m\u0131z ne kadar duyarl\u0131ysa, filmin<\/strong> veya CCD<\/strong>\u2019nin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa verece\u011fi tepkime de o oranda fazla olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu ayarlar\u0131n her birinin film<\/strong> veya CCD<\/strong> \u00fczerindeki etkisi foto\u011fraflarda farkl\u0131 efektler elde etmemizi sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte burada \u00f6nemli olan, \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz foto\u011fraflar\u0131n sanatsal kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda temel bilgi ve tecr\u00fcbeyi olu\u015fturmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0131\u015f\u0131k miktar\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131n\u0131 bazen s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 olan matematiksel form\u00fcllerle de\u011fil,  \u00f6rneklerle anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Diyafram (Aperture)<\/strong> Yukar\u0131da k\u0131saca belirtti\u011fimiz gibi, diyafram \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n girmesi i\u00e7in geni\u015fli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015febilen bir deliktir ve foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00e7eken ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan (SLR<\/strong> veya DSLR<\/strong> makinalarda) a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p, kapat\u0131labilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki resimde  diyafram\u0131n yedi pozisyonu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Soldaki, en a\u00e7\u0131k, sa\u011fdaki  ise, en kapal\u0131 \u015feklidir. \"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Diyafram<\/p>\n

Diyafram \u201cstop<\/strong>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanan bir \u201cF<\/strong>\u201d de\u011feri ile ifade edilir. Bu tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olan de\u011fer \u201cF<\/strong>\u201d de\u011feri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fck\u00e7e diyafram daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r , de\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e ise diyafram daha fazla k\u0131s\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rnek olarak  sa\u011fdaki diyafram\u0131n kapal\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, stop<\/strong> (\u201cF<\/strong>\u201d) de\u011feri say\u0131sal olarak daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Soldaki diyaframda ise, a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, stop<\/strong> cinsinden de\u011feri tam tersi daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Foto\u011fraf makinas\u0131ndaki diyafram<\/strong>, 1, 1.4, 1.8, 2.0, 2.8, 4.0, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22\u2026. say\u0131sal de\u011fer  \u015feklinde gider.<\/p>\n

Bu de\u011ferlere ek olarak \u2018da ara duraklar vard\u0131r. \u00d6rnek olarak 3.5 gibi. Her bir diyafram<\/strong> de\u011feri, bir \u00f6nceki de\u011ferden iki kat fazla olan \u0131\u015f\u0131k anlam\u0131na gelir, yani diyafram\u0131n de\u011feri say\u0131sal olarak bir durak (stop<\/strong>) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman, fiziksel olarak diyafram bir stop daha a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur yani foto\u011fraf makinesinin i\u00e7ine giren \u0131\u015f\u0131k miktar\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olur, asl\u0131nda bu bir kurald\u0131r fakat bu kural\u0131n  matematiksel bir temeli de vard\u0131r, \u015f\u00f6yle ki her bir diyafram de\u011ferinin karesi bir sonraki de\u011ferin karesinin yar\u0131s\u0131na e\u015fittir, bu da hemen  akl\u0131m\u0131za  bunun  dairenin alan hesaplamas\u0131 form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor olmas\u0131n\u0131 getirdi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Diyafram<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Diyafram\u0131 birer seviye a\u00e7ma (say\u0131sal de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme<\/em>) veya kapama (say\u0131sal de\u011ferini art\u0131rma<\/em>) ile, film \u00fczerine bir kat daha fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131k al\u0131r\u0131z veya eksiltiriz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da anlataca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z enstantane<\/strong> \u2018de fonksiyon olarak ayn\u0131 i\u015fi yapar. Peki o zaman bu iki ayar aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir bunlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ise, neyi de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor ? Cevap ise bu de\u011ferlerin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011fi\u015febiliyor olmas\u0131, bize \u00e7ekece\u011fimiz g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00fczerinde efekt uygulama olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vermesidir.<\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Blur \u00d6rnekler<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u015eimdi bu efekt (effect<\/strong>) olay\u0131na k\u0131saca g\u00f6z atal\u0131m. A\u00e7\u0131k diyafram<\/strong> (say\u0131sal olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011fer<\/em>), odaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z objeyi netle\u015ftirirken, bu odak mesafesi<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ka velan objeleri ise mesafe ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak uzakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r (blur<\/strong>). Bu da bize objelerin \u00f6n arka planlar\u0131n\u0131n netlemesini kontrol etmemizi ve esas objenin kendisini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

K\u0131s\u0131k diyafram<\/strong> ise (say\u0131sal olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer<\/em>), kadraj\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7indeki objelerin net alan\u0131n daha fazla olmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flar. Yani bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ilkesi ayn\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi hareket eder. \u015eayet g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc \u00e7ok fazla a\u00e7\u0131p bir objeye bakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsak, esas bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z objenin arka plan\u0131n\u0131n hafif\u00e7e bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark ederiz.<\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Depth of Field<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Her lens<\/strong>, gerekli veya ihtiyaca cevap verebilecek diyafram aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sunamaz. Bir lensin<\/strong> kalitesi ve g\u00fcc\u00fc, imkan tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve kapal\u0131l\u0131k alan\u0131 ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki kaliteli ve pahal\u0131 lensler<\/strong>, \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan diyafram de\u011ferlerinden (maksimum a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k oran\u0131), \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek diyafram de\u011ferlerine kadar bir skalada se\u00e7enek sa\u011flarlar. Diyafram\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131labilen \u00f6zellikteki lenslere h\u0131zl\u0131 lensler denir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu tip lensler, film<\/strong> veya sens\u00f6r<\/strong> \u00fczerine daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bol \u0131\u015f\u0131k aktarabilirler.<\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Diyafram A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Consumer <\/strong>serisi \u00f6zellikli dijital kameralar bu konuda \u00e7ok fazla g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011fildirler ve size sunabildi\u011fi diyafram aral\u0131\u011f\u0131, genel olarak 2.0 ile 8 skala aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 2.0, 2.8, 4, 5.6 ve 8 olarak toplamda 5 (birim) stoptur<\/strong>. Zoom<\/strong> \u00f6zellikli lenslerde ise \u00f6zel bir durum s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu lensler, en az zoom<\/strong> pozisyonunda sundu\u011fu diyafram<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, en fazla zoom<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sunamaz.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle maksimum olan zoom<\/strong> ile minimum olan zoom<\/strong> aras\u0131nda yar\u0131m, bazen\u2019de bir stopluk fark olu\u015fur. Bu asl\u0131nda optik ve mekanik bir durumdan kaynaklan\u0131r. Buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karsak foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n, foto\u011frafla ilgili olan temel becerilerini, do\u011fru diyafram de\u011ferini alg\u0131lama, bilme ve de bunu kullanmas\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar, yani de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir de\u011ferler aras\u0131nda  (enstantane, diyafram<\/strong> ve ISO<\/strong>) belki de en \u00f6nemli olan\u0131, diyafram<\/strong> \u2018d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Portre \u00e7ekilirken, genelde a\u00e7\u0131k diyafram, manzara foto\u011fraflar\u0131 ise genelde k\u0131s\u0131k diyafram ile \u00e7ekilir.   Enstantene ( Shutter ) :<\/strong> Film veya sens\u00f6r<\/strong> (CCD<\/strong>) \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fecek olan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcresini belirler. Bu i\u015flev i\u00e7in bir perde kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7ekim \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re belirledi\u011finiz zaman periyodu i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131k tutulur ve ard\u0131ndanda kapan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu zaman dilimi i\u00e7inde lens ve diyaframdan giren \u0131\u015f\u0131k, film (sens\u00f6r CCD<\/strong>) \u00fczerine yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Bu konumda da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc birimi yine stoptur ve bu konumdaki ayar pozisyonlar\u0131 kendine \u00f6zel art\u0131\u015f katsay\u0131lar\u0131yla gider. Bu konum i\u00e7in enstantane, Obt\u00fcrat\u00f6r, perde, shutter, pozlama s\u00fcresi ve \u00f6rt\u00fcc\u00fc <\/strong>gibi isimlerden anlat\u0131mlarda herhangi bir tanesi kullan\u0131labilir. Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan ise pozlama s\u00fcresi<\/strong> terimidir.<\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Shutter ,Perde, Obturator, \u00d6rt\u00fcc\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Bu konumdaki ayar pozisyonlar\u0131 30, 15, 8, 4, 2, 1, \u00bd, \u00bc, 1\/8, 1\/15, 1\/30, 1\/60, 1\/125, 1\/250, 1\/500, 1\/1000\u2026.. dizesi \u015feklinde gider ve foto\u011fraf filmi ya da CCD<\/strong> \u00fczerine \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ka\u00e7 saniye boyunca d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini belirler. Dikkat edecek olursak, s\u00fcreler bir \u00f6ncekinin yar\u0131s\u0131 \u015feklinde ya da tersinden bakarsak, ayn\u0131 diyaframda oldu\u011fu gibi, bir stop<\/strong> noktas\u0131, kendinden \u00f6nceki veya sonrakinin iki kat\u0131 ve ya yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar film, (sens\u00f6r CCD<\/strong>) \u00fcst\u00fcne.<\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda burada \u00f6nemli olan konu normal kullan\u0131m dahilinde bu de\u011ferler, ortamda bulunan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n seviyesine g\u00f6re 1\/8 sn. ile, 1\/1000 sn.<\/strong> aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir fakat pozlama<\/strong> s\u00fcresi (enstantane<\/strong>) ayarlar\u0131 ile oynayarak, foto\u011fraf\u0131n g\u00f6rselli\u011fine katabilece\u011fimiz \u00e7ok fazla \u015feyler vard\u0131r. \u00c7ok y\u00fcksek de\u011ferdeki  enstantaneler<\/strong>, filme \u00e7ok az bir zaman diliminde \u0131\u015f\u0131k girmesini sa\u011flayacak, fakat  buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ise hareketi \u201cdondurmam\u0131z\u0131\u201d sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Aksi durumda olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011ferlerde ise, filme daha fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131k girmesi sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kadraj\u0131m\u0131zdaki<\/strong> hareketleri do\u011fal olarak hissettirecektir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Sens\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Hareketli Resim<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Yukar\u0131daki foto\u011frafta yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 1\/30 gibi bir poz lama s\u00fcresi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eayet bunu 1\/125 veya 1\/250 olarak pozla sayd\u0131k, havadaki su damlac\u0131klar\u0131 donmu\u015f \u015fekilde, \u00e7ocu\u011fun el hareketleri ise hissedilmeyecekti. Benzer olan \u015fekilde 1\/8 gibi bir poz lama s\u00fcresi kullansayd\u0131k, \u00e7ekim i\u00e7in tripoda gereksinim duyacakt\u0131k ve bu sefer havadaki su damlac\u0131klar\u0131 daha uzun g\u00f6rsellikte olacak, fakat \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hareketleri ise \u00e7ok fazla flu<\/strong> yani bulan\u0131k olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Foto\u011frafta sa\u011fdaki k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun ellerinde olu\u015fan bulan\u0131kl\u0131k, bu ellerin foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00e7ekerken hareket halinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Olay an\u0131 \u00e7ekilmi\u015f bu foto\u011frafta , \u00e7ocuk iki eli ile arkada\u015f\u0131na suyu p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcrken, di\u011ferinin savunma hareketi, havada u\u00e7u\u015fan su damlac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu izler, bize bu foto\u011frafta \u00e7ok yo\u011fun ve ani hareketlerin olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Enstantane De\u011ferleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Foto\u011fraf\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ekerken uzun pozlama gerekirse yani 1\/30 sn veya daha uzun olan bir s\u00fcre (1\/8, \u00bc, 1 sn. vb.) pozlama<\/strong> yapacaksak, tripod bir \u00fc\u00e7 ayak sistemi kullan\u0131p, foto\u011fraf makinemizi de sabitlemeliyiz. Aksi takdirde, elimizdeki titremeler, \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz foto\u011fraf\u0131 bozacakt\u0131r. (uzun pozlama gerektirdi\u011finden, \u00f6zellikle gece \u00e7ekimlerinde)<\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Aperture<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Sonu\u00e7ta Diyafram<\/strong> ve Pozlama<\/strong> s\u00fcresi (Enstantane<\/strong>), birbirlerine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131rlar yine biri birlerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak amac\u0131 ile kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Ters orant\u0131l\u0131 olan bu iki unsur, makinadan i\u00e7eri giren \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 dengelemek ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p veya azalt\u0131labilir. \u015eayet \u0131\u015f\u0131k do\u011fru ayarlanmaz veyahut dengelenmezse, overexpose<\/strong> (patlama), ya da underexpose <\/strong>(eksik pozlama, foto\u011fraf\u0131n karanl\u0131k kalmas\u0131) olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pozlama<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Dijital foto\u011fraf makinelerinde iki ayr\u0131 tip perde vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birincisi mekanik \u00f6zellikli perdedir (Analog makinalar da da bu tip perde kullan\u0131l\u0131r, a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapanabilen<\/em>). \u0130kinci ise dijital (elektronik) olan perdedir ortada bir perde yoktur ve bu perde asl\u0131nda lojik<\/strong> olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, yani CCD<\/strong> veya CMOS<\/strong> sens\u00f6r\u00fcn elektronik olarak devreye al\u0131n\u0131p, devreden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dijital foto\u011fraf makinelerindeki bir di\u011fer farkta, ara pozlama s\u00fcrelerinin ayar\u0131 konusunda \u00e7ok daha detayl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar verebilme \u00f6zelli\u011fidir (aperture, priorty ve auto modlar\u0131nda<\/strong>). \u00d6rne\u011fin 1\/159sn. gibi bir pozlama<\/strong> s\u00fcresine kimyasal (Analog<\/b>) foto\u011fraf makinelerinde rastlayamazs\u0131n\u0131z. ASA \u2013 ISO :<\/strong> Eski foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n  ASA <\/strong>olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ISO<\/strong>, filmin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131l\u0131k hassasiyetini belirler.<\/p>\n

ISO<\/strong> de\u011ferleri, genel olarak 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 \u2026 katlar\u0131 \u015feklinde gider. Ama \u00e7o\u011funluklada ara de\u011ferler de kullan\u0131labilir (80, 125, 160 gibi). Kimyasal foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6zel \u00e7ekimler haricinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131yor), foto\u011fraf \u00fczerindeki kimyasal yap\u0131n\u0131n daha duyarl\u0131 olmas\u0131, dijital foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta ise, elektronik olan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131 sens\u00f6rlerin daha duyarl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ile sa\u011flan\u0131r. 200<\/strong> ISO<\/strong> ile \u00e7ekilen bir foto\u011fraf, t\u00fcm di\u011fer parametrelerin ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 ko\u015fulunda (diyafram, enstantene, \u0131\u015f\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131<\/strong>), 100 ISO<\/strong> ile \u00e7ekilmi\u015f olana g\u00f6re iki kat fazla de\u011ferde \u0131\u015f\u0131k al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"www.bulenterdal.com.tr\"<\/a><\/p>\n

ASA \u2013 ISO De\u011ferleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

ISO<\/strong> de\u011ferleri, ayn\u0131 pozlama<\/strong> s\u00fcresi ve diyafram da oldu\u011fu gibi (F-stop<\/strong>), \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fiddetini art\u0131rmak veya azaltmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Kimyasal foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta ISO de\u011feri, Makineye tak\u0131lan film makaras\u0131 ISO<\/strong> de\u011feri ne ise, ona g\u00f6re ayarlan\u0131p kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r ama dijital foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta i\u015f biraz daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r,  kullan\u0131c\u0131, ISO<\/strong> de\u011ferini (sens\u00f6r<\/strong> duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131) istedi\u011fi gibi de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n

Burada dikkat edilmesi gereken \u00f6nemli  konu filmin<\/strong> veya CCD <\/strong>\u2019nin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa olan duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e yani ISO<\/strong> de\u011feri artt\u0131k\u00e7a, foto\u011frafta \u201c grain <\/strong>\u201d ad\u0131 verilen kumlanmalar olu\u015facakt\u0131r. Digital foto\u011fraflarda olu\u015fan bu kumlanman\u0131n ad\u0131  ise \u201cnoise<\/strong>\u201d yani \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck noktac\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu pozisyonda y\u00fcksek ISO<\/strong> de\u011ferleri bize h\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flarken, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ISO<\/strong> de\u011ferleri de foto\u011frafta netlik sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r, ama baz\u0131 durumlarda netlik yerine, h\u0131z ve \u0131\u015f\u0131ktan kazan\u0131m daha gerekli olup \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek olarak gece \u00e7ekmemiz gereken bir foto\u011fraf, ama yan\u0131m\u0131zda tripod da yok, bu pozisyonda uzun poz lama yapamay\u0131z, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z taktirde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc net olarak elde edemeyiz. Fakat ISO<\/strong> \u2019yu birka\u00e7 stop art\u0131r\u0131p, poz lama s\u00fcresini \u2019de birka\u00e7 stop d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrsek, b\u00f6ylece k\u0131sa bir zaman diliminde titretmeden foto\u011fraf\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ekebiliriz. Ama sonu\u00e7ta  k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kumlanma (noise<\/strong>) raz\u0131 olmak \u015fart\u0131yla. Gerekli olmad\u0131k\u00e7a foto\u011fraf\u0131n netli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek ISO<\/strong> de\u011ferlerini tercih etmemeliyiz.<\/p>\n

\n
 <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Temel Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Terimleri Diyafram, Enstantane, ISO \u2026 \u015eimdi bu \u00fc\u00e7 temel kavram \u00fczerinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak foto\u011fraf\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7ekildi\u011fini k\u0131saca anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m. \u00c7ekti\u011fimiz foto\u011fraflar, makina da lens \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin, mercekler yard\u0131m\u0131 ile film veya dijital makinelerde CCD\/CMOS ad\u0131 verilen sens\u00f6rlerin \u00fczerinde olu\u015fmas\u0131 ile elde edilir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[28,37,38,30,35,31,33,39,27,29,32,34,36],"class_list":["post-93","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fotograf-hakkinda","tag-asa","tag-ccd","tag-cmos","tag-diyafram","tag-dslr","tag-enstantane","tag-f-degeri","tag-isik","tag-iso","tag-lens","tag-sensor","tag-slr","tag-vizor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=93"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":94,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/93\/revisions\/94"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=93"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=93"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=93"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}