{"id":64,"date":"2020-04-24T17:13:48","date_gmt":"2020-04-24T14:13:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fotosizden.com\/?p=64"},"modified":"2020-04-24T17:13:48","modified_gmt":"2020-04-24T14:13:48","slug":"fotografcilik-hakkinda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/2020\/04\/24\/fotografcilik-hakkinda\/","title":{"rendered":"Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Hakk\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"

Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k nedir? Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k nas\u0131l meydana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, nas\u0131l geli\u015fti, tarih\u00e7esi hakk\u0131nda bilgi.<\/h4>\n

Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k;<\/strong> foto\u011fraf makinesi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla nesnelerin kal\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc elde etme y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/p>\n

I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 duyarl\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tuzlar\u0131n\u0131 mercek ya da ayna gibi optik sistemler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkilemesi yoluyla de\u011fi\u015fik kimyasal i\u015flemlerle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. Yunanca photos<\/span> (\u0131\u015f\u0131k) ve graphe (yaz\u0131) s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinden olu\u015fur. Foto\u011fraf\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan teknik geli\u015fmeler iki ayr\u0131 alanda olu\u015ftu: Camera<\/span> Obscura (karanl\u0131k oda) ile optik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc elde edilmesi ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 duyarl\u0131 maddelerin geli\u015ftirilmesi. 1550\u2019de \u0130talyan fizik\u00e7isi G. Cardano (1591-1576) deli\u011fi geni\u015fletip ince kenarl\u0131 mercek takarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc daha net<\/span> ve parlak hale<\/span> getirdi. 1568\u2019de Venedikli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 D. Barbaro, de\u011fi\u015fik \u00e7apta deliklerden olu\u015fan diaframla \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 denetleyerek g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc keskinle\u015ftirdi. 1636\u2019da Alman matematik\u00e7i D. Schwenter, \u00fc\u00e7 mercekten olu\u015fan objektifi geli\u015ftirdi. 1676\u2019da bir ba\u015fka matematik\u00e7i J.C. Sturm, kutunun arkas\u0131na konacak 45\u00b0\u2019lik aynayla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcz olarak yukar\u0131daki buzlu cama aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve onun \u00fczerine saydamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t koyarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn elle \u00e7izilmesini \u00f6nerdi. Karanl\u0131k oda b\u00f6ylece yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan \u00e7izime yard\u0131mc\u0131 bir ara\u00e7 oldu.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
 <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda sanat\u00e7\u0131lar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ay\u0131rt ederek renk ve form<\/span> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6rsel bir \u00f6\u011fe olarak resme katt\u0131lar. 16. ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda resimde optik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. 1725\u2019te Alman anatomi profes\u00f6r\u00fc J. H. Schulze, fosfor elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnce Hippolyte Bayard (1801-1887), g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f nitratla duyarla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131kta karartarak kullanmadan \u00f6nce potasyum iyod\u00fcrle yeniden \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131 hale getirip do\u011frudan pozitif g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc almay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131 ve Daguerreotype\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131ndan bir ay \u00f6nce otuz bask\u0131s\u0131yla tarihin ilk foto\u011fraf sergisini a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130ngiliz g\u00f6kbilimci Sir J. F. Herschel (1792 -1871) bu bulu\u015ftan yola \u00e7\u0131karak g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f karbonatla duyarla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerine ilk foto\u011fraf\u0131m 29 Ocak 1839\u2019da \u00e7ekip hipos\u00fclfitle sabitle\u015ftirdi. 14 Mart\u2019ta Kraliyet Akademi-si\u2019ne bir bildiri sundu ve negatif, pozitif kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k 23 foto\u011fraf sergiledi. 1819\u2032 da tios\u00fclfatlar\u0131 buldu, sodyum hypos\u00fclfitin (hipo) sabitle\u015ftirici olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. William<\/span> Henry<\/span> Fow Talbot<\/span> (1800-1877), 1820\u2019lerden beri \u00e7izimler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 karanl\u0131k odan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirmek i\u00e7in g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f klor\u00fcrle duyarl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131d\u0131 pozland\u0131rarak negatif-pozitif y\u00f6ntemiyle foto\u011fraf elde etti. Ocak 1839\u2019da Kraliyet Akademisi\u2019ne bildirisini sunup \u015eubat 1841\u2019de Calotype ad\u0131yla (Talbotype da denir) y\u00f6nteminin patentini ald\u0131. Cam<\/span> \u00fczerine foto\u011fraf elde etme y\u00f6ntemini Frans\u0131z askeri Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor (1805-1870) geli\u015ftirdi. Buna g\u00f6re cam levha yumurta ak\u0131yla kaplanmakta, potasyum iyod\u00fcr ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f nitratla duyarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta, pozland\u0131rmadan sonra maz\u0131 asitle (gallic acid) banyo edilip sabitle\u015ftirilmekte, y\u0131kanmaktayd\u0131. 1888\u2019de ABD\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7en \u0130ngiliz foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 J. Carbutt\u2019un \u00f6nerisiyle bir fabrika ince sell\u00fcloid levha da \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ertesi y\u0131l George<\/span> Eastman\u2019\u0131n (1854-1932) kurdu\u011fu Eastman Kodak \u015eirketi \u00e7ok daha ince olan nitro-sell\u00fcloz filmi ve \u00fcnl\u00fc Brownie Camera ile piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kitlelere yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kolay alev alan nitrosell\u00fcloz yerine 1930\u2019da sell\u00fcloz asetat kullan\u0131ma girdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de sell\u00fcloz asetat taban \u00fczerinde jelatin em\u00fclsiyon kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Renkli foto\u011frafa en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131y\u0131 Frans\u0131z bilim adam\u0131 L. D. du Hauron (1837-1920) yapt\u0131. B. Maxwell\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7 ana rengin birle\u015fmesini temel alan toplamsal sentezine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, 1869\u2019da pigmentlerin kendi renkleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6teki renklerini emmelerini temel alan \u00e7\u0131karsal sentezi \u00f6nerdi. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, mavi<\/span> ve sar\u0131 bask\u0131lar \u00fcst \u00fcste kondu\u011funda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan renkli foto\u011fraf, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ya da cam \u00fczerine tespit edilmesiyle de renkli bask\u0131 ya da saydam elde etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda maviye \u00e7ok, ye\u015file az duyarl\u0131 ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya duyars\u0131z (ortochromatic) t\u00fcm em\u00fclsiyonlanyla, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucu 1906\u2019da t\u00fcm renklere duyarl\u0131 (panchromatic) hale getirildi. 1907\u2019de Frans\u0131z bilim adamlar\u0131 Auguste<\/span> Lumi-ere (1862-1954) ve Louis Lumiere (1864-1948) karde\u015fler \u201cautochrome\u201d levhay\u0131 \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k nedir? Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k nas\u0131l meydana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, nas\u0131l geli\u015fti, tarih\u00e7esi hakk\u0131nda bilgi. Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k; foto\u011fraf makinesi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla nesnelerin kal\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc elde etme y\u00f6ntemidir. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 duyarl\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tuzlar\u0131n\u0131 mercek ya da ayna gibi optik sistemler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkilemesi yoluyla de\u011fi\u015fik kimyasal i\u015flemlerle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. Yunanca photos (\u0131\u015f\u0131k) ve graphe (yaz\u0131) s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinden olu\u015fur. Foto\u011fraf\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[21,20,23,22],"class_list":["post-64","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fotograf-hakkinda","tag-camera-obscura","tag-fotograf","tag-kamera","tag-mercek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64\/revisions\/66"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fotosizden.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}